Vascularized reconstruction serves as an essential foundation for pulp regeneration and the repair of soft and hard tissue defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. Root canal therapy can effectively control intracanal infection, yet it interrupts the blood supply of dental pulp in affected teeth, resulting in tooth brittleness and discoloration, which hardly satisfy both functional and aesthetic restoration requirements in the anterior tooth region. Human dental pulp stem cells possess biological properties including proliferation, multidirectional differentiation, paracrine secretion and immunomodulation. Their biological behaviors vary under the regulation of tooth type, developmental stage and pulp health status. Human dental pulp stem cells from different sources can promote the formation and maturation of new blood vessels via endothelial-like differentiation, paracrine regulation, pericytelike effects and microenvironment remodeling. This article reviews the biological characteristics and pro-angiogenic mechanisms of dental pulp stem cells derived from permanent teeth, primary teeth, supernumerary teeth and inflamed pulp, and discusses their application potential in pulp regeneration, facial wounds and aesthetic restoration of oral and maxillofacial soft and hard tissues, so as to provide theoretical references for screening superior cells and functional-aesthetic integrated restoration.