Burns in children not only cause physical trauma, but are often accompanied by obvious psychosocial adaptation disorders such as anxiety, depression and social avoidance, which seriously affect the quality of life and rehabilitation effects of children. As an important part of the comprehensive rehabilitation system, psychosocial intervention plays a positive role in effectively improving children’s emotional status, enhancing treatment compliance and promoting the recovery of social function. By systematically reviewing relevant literature, this paper analyzes the theoretical basis and mechanism of psychosocial intervention, as well as common intervention measures including cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, family support intervention, peer support programs and art expression therapy. It also explores current research limitations and future directions, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical enlightenment for optimizing the burn rehabilitation service system for children in China.