Objective To compare the effects of all-ceramic veneer and all-ceramic crown restoration on dental morphological aesthetic effect and periodontal health in patients with aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 78 patients with maxillary anterior tooth defect treated in the Dongmen Stomatology Department of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group from January 2025 to January 2026 were selected, and they were divided into group A (n =39, 46 affected teeth) and group B (n =39, 49 affected teeth) by the random number table method. Group A received all-ceramic veneer restoration, and group B received all-ceramic crown restoration. The dental morphological aesthetic effect, periodontal health and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results At 3 months after treatment, the scores of PES and WES in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and those in group A were higher than those in group B (P <0.05). At 3 months after treatment, the PD, GI, PLI and SBI in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and those in group A were lower than those in group B (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in group A (4.35%) was lower than that in group B (18.37%) (P <0.05). Conclusion All-ceramic veneer achieves better dental morphological aesthetic effect than all-ceramic crown in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. It is more conducive to maintaining periodontal health and can reduce the incidence of complications, with definite clinical application value.