Objective To explore the short-term clinical effect and aesthetic effect of minimally invasive resin restoration combined with resin infiltration in the treatment of enamel white spot lesions of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 86 patients (142 affected teeth) with enamel white spot lesions of anterior teeth admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to December 2025 were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (43 patients, 70 affected teeth, treated with resin infiltration alone) and the observation group (43 patients, 72 affected teeth, treated with minimally invasive resin restoration combined with resin infiltration). The area ratio of white spot lesions, tooth color difference (ΔE), total effective rate, subjective aesthetic satisfaction and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the area ratio of white spot lesions and ΔE value after treatment in the observation group were lower, and the total effective rate and subjective aesthetic satisfaction were higher (P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive resin restoration combined with resin infiltration achieves better short-term clinical effect and aesthetic effect than resin infiltration alone in the treatment of enamel white spot lesions of anterior teeth, and can improve patient satisfaction.