Objective To explore the effect of full-ceramic veneer restoration after resin filling on restoration effect in patients with maxillary anterior tooth defect. Methods A total of 78 patients with maxillary anterior tooth defect admitted to Suzhou Stomatological Hospital from June 2022 to December 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the study group by the random number table method. The control group received resin filling restoration, and the study group received full-ceramic veneer restoration after resin filling. The restoration effect, aesthetic effect, tooth sensitivity, oral health status and adverse event rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of restoration in the study group (97.44%) was higher than that in the control group (79.49%) (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the scores of Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and White Esthetic Score (WES) in the study group after treatment were higher (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the scores of Ryge and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) in the study group after treatment were lower (P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events (gingivitis, restoration loosening and secondary caries) between the two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion Full-ceramic veneer restoration after resin filling can improve the restoration effect and dental aesthetics of maxillary anterior tooth defect, reduce tooth sensitivity, maintain favorable oral health status, and will not increase the incidence of adverse events.