Objective To investigate and analyze the status and influencing factors of mental health and quality of life in eczema patients. Methods A total of 80 eczema patients who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from August 2024 to August 2025 were selected as the research subjects. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to evaluate the current status of patients’ mental health and quality of life. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of mental health and quality of life in eczema patients. Results The average Herth Hope Index score of mental health in 80 eczema patients was (22.61±4.41)points, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score was (19.75±6.05)points. Patients’ age, educational level, disease course and economic status had significant influences on mental health (P <0.05), while gender, residential area, lesion site, family history of allergic diseases and personal history of allergic diseases had no significant correlation with mental health (P >0.05). Gender, age, educational level, disease course and economic status affected patients’ quality of life (P <0.05). There was no significant relationship between the quality of life and residential area, lesion site, family history of allergic diseases and personal history of allergic diseases (P >0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that disease course was the independent influencing factor for mental health (P <0.05), and age, educational level and economic status were independent influencing factors for quality of life in eczema patients (P <0.05). Conclusion Eczema patients generally present poor mental health and low quality of life. Age, disease course, educational level and economic level are risk factors for deteriorated mentalhealth and reduced quality of life. In clinical practice, individualized treatment regimens and targeted intervention measures should be implemented to improve patients’ psychological status and quality of life.