Objective To explore the effect of all-ceramic fixed bridge restoration on occlusal function and restorative aesthetic effect in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 98 patients with dentition defect admitted to Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2024 to March 2025 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 49 patients in each group. The control group received conventional metal-ceramic fixed bridge restoration, and the observation group received all-ceramic fixed bridge restoration. The occlusal function, periodontal inflammatory indicators and restorative aesthetic effect were compared between the two groups. Results At 6 months after restoration, the maximum occlusal force and occlusal contact area in the observation group were larger than those in the control group, and the occlusal force asymmetry index was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). At 6 months after restoration, the levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). At 6 months after restoration, the scores of PES and WES in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion All-ceramic fixed bridge restoration can effectively restore occlusal function of patients with dentition defect, alleviate local periodontal inflammatory response, and improve restorative aesthetic effect.