Clinically, oral bone defects are commonly caused by periapical disease, periodontitis and alveolar ridge atrophy after tooth extraction, which further lead to soft tissue collapse, alveolar ridge atrophy, tooth mobility and other problems, seriously affecting patients’ oral function and aesthetics. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), regarded as the gold standard for xenogeneic bone grafting, has accumulated abundant evidence-based data. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) has attracted extensive attention because its efficacy in new bone formation is comparable to that of DBBM. However, stratified evidence regarding the ratio of hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) in various bone defects remains insufffcient, and long-term follow-up data and indication boundaries still need to be clarified. In view of this, this paper systematically sorts out the material differences between DBBM and BCP, and compares their application effects in maxillary sinus elevation, alveolar ridge preservation and intrabony periodontal defects, so as to provide references for accurate clinical material selection.