Medical aesthetic anxiety refers to the anxiety emotion experienced by aesthetic seekers in speciffc scenarios including medical aesthetic decision-making, perioperative treatment and postoperative rehabilitation. Its occurrence is associated with multiple factors such as social culture, media marketing and individual susceptibility. Persistent medical aesthetic anxiety may not only affect medical aesthetic behaviors and cosmetic outcomes, but also lead to severe psychological problems. Therefore, it is particularly critical to strengthen interventions targeting medical aesthetic anxiety. Based on the theory that cognition acts as the mediator between emotion and behavior, cognitive behavioral therapy exerts an emotion-regulating effect via structured and problem-oriented intervention techniques, and produces positive effects on medical aesthetic anxiety. This paper summarizes the application efffcacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in medical aesthetic anxiety and analyzes its application value among such population, so as to provide more theoretical support for the selection of clinical intervention protocols.