Objective To investigate the treatment effect of 2940 nm fractional erbium laser combined with triptolide ointment on hypertrophic scars in rabbit ears and its inffuence on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods A total of 40 clean-grade healthy adult Japanese big-ear white rabbits were selected to establish hypertrophic scar models on rabbit ears. According to the random number table method, 40 successfully modeled rabbits were divided into Group A (scar model group), group B (triptolide treatment group), group C (fractional laser treatment group), group D (combined treatment group) and group E (dexamethasone control group), with 8 rabbits in each group. Each group received corresponding interventions. After 6 months of treatment, the scar morphology, scar thickness index, weight of scar tissue and ffbroblast (FB) density were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to detect the content of VEGF in scar tissue, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation among various indicators. Results After 6 months of intervention, the VSS scores of groups B, C, D and E were lower than those of group A, and those of group D were lower than those of groups B, C and E (P<0.05). The SEI, tissue weight and FB density in groups B, C, D and E were lower than those in group A, and those in group D were lower than those in groups B, C and E (P<0.05). There were no signiffcant differences in SEI, tissue weight and FB density between group B and group C (P>0.05). The level of VEGF in group B, C, D and E was lower than that in group A, and that in group D was lower than that in group B, C and E (P<0.05). There was no signiffcant difference in VEGF level between group B and group C (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that VEGF content in scar tissue was positively correlated with SEI, FB density and scar weight (P<0.05). The SEI and FB density, SEI and scar weight, FB density and scar weight were also positively correlated (P<0.05). Conclusion 2940 nm fractional erbium laser combined with triptolide ointment can effectively inhibit the formation of hypertrophic scars in rabbit ears. The mechanism may be related to down-regulating VEGF expression and inhibiting ffbroblast proliferation in scar tissue.