Objective To analyze the effect of orthodontics combined with prosthodontics treatment on masticatory function and oral health status in patients with dentition defect combined with malocclusion. Methods A total of 120 patients with dentition defect combined with malocclusion admitted to Shanyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from February 2021 to February 2024 were selected, and they were divided into the conventional group and the study group by the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. The conventional group received prosthodontics treatment, and the study group received orthodontics combined with prosthodontics treatment. The masticatory function, oral health status and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the masticatory efffciency and occlusal force in the study group were higher than those in the conventional group (P<0.05). After treatment, the probing depth and gingival index of the study group were lower than those of the conventional group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that in the conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusion Orthodontics combined with prosthodontics treatment can effectively improve masticatory function and oral health status for patients with dentition defect combined with malocclusion, and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.