Objective To investigate the effect of bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment on dental aesthetics in patients with malocclusion. Methods A total of 84 patients with malocclusion treated at Hangzhou Stomatological Hospital Group Nanxun Dental Clinic Co., Ltd. from January to March 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 42 patients in each group. The control group was treated with self-ligating bracket appliance, and the observation group received bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment. The dental aesthetics, treatment duration and follow-up visits, oral structure and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the PES score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no signiffcant difference between the two groups in treatment duration for rotated teeth and inclined teeth (P>0.05). The total chairside time and total number of follow-up visits were less than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the molar displacement distance of the observation group was smaller than that of the control group, the inclination difference of central incisors was larger than that of the control group, and the protrusion distance difference of maxillary central incisors was greater than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (4.76%) was lower than that in the control group (16.67%) (P<0.05). Conclusion For orthodontic treatment of patients with malocclusion, bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment can effectively shorten total chairside time and reduce the number of follow-up visits. Meanwhile, it can improve patients’ dental aesthetics and oral structure, with a low incidence of complications.