Objective To analyze the effect of dental veneer combined with gingivoplasty on aesthetic effect and periodontal health indicators in patients with aesthetic defects of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 92 patients with aesthetic defects of anterior teeth treated at Changchun High-tech Industrial Development Zone Yashi Shoufu Dental Clinic from March 2024 to March 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 46 patients in each group. The control group received dental veneer restoration, and the observation group received dental veneer combined with gingivoplasty. The aesthetic effect, periodontal health indicators and restoration integrity rate were compared between the two groups. Results The PES score of the two groups at 12 months after restoration was higher than that before restoration, and that of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The PLI, GI and BI in the two groups at 12 months after restoration were lower than those before restoration, and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 12 months after restoration, the integrity rate of the restoration in the observation group was 93.48%, which was higher than 76.09% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Dental veneer combined with gingivoplasty achieves satisfactory effect for patients with aesthetic defects of anterior teeth. It can effectively improve aesthetic effect and periodontal health indicators, and help to increase the restoration integrity rate.