Maxillary hypoplasia is a common clinical skeletal dentofacial malocclusion, mainly divided into transverse and sagittal hypoplasia. It not only causes occlusal abnormalities, but also leads to craniofacial aesthetic defects such as midfacial depression, facial asymmetry and disharmonious nasolabial-mental relationship, which seriously affects facial aesthetics of adolescents and easily induces psychological problems. Compared with surgical treatment in adulthood, early functional orthodontic treatment can utilize the growth potential of jaw bones to improve maxillofacial morphology and optimize facial proportion from both skeletal and soft tissue levels, serving as an important therapeutic method that balances functional recovery and aesthetic improvement. In the form of literature review, this paper brieffy reviews the malformation characteristics of maxillary hypoplasia and the system of early functional orthodontic treatment, and focuses on the improving effects of functional treatment on maxillofacial skeletal contour, soft tissue morphology and overall facial aesthetics in patients with maxillary hypoplasia, as well as the inffuencing factors and prognosis of aesthetic orthodontic treatment. The aim is to provide references for individualized early aesthetic orthodontic treatment for adolescents with maxillary hypoplasia and improve the facial aesthetic prognosis of clinical treatment.