Objective To explore the application effect of digital virtual simulation technology in the experimental teaching of prosthodontics. Methods A total of 102 undergraduate students majoring in stomatology of Grade 2024 in Anhui Institute of Medicine from September 2025 to January 2026 were selected, and they were divided into the control group (Class 1) and the experimental group (Class 2) based on class units, with 51 students in each group. The control group adopted the traditional teaching mode, and the experimental group adopted the teaching mode based on digital virtual simulation technology. The assessment scores, skill operation scores and teaching satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The theoretical assessment score, skill operation score and total score of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The tooth preparation time and preparation accuracy of the experimental group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The teaching satisfaction rate of the experimental group (98.04%) was higher than that of the control group (58.82%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The introduction of digital virtual simulation technology into the experimental teaching of prosthodontics can effectively improve the teaching quality, elevate students’ assessment scores and skill operation scores, and achieve high student satisfaction with the teaching mode, which has deffnite application value.