Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of resin filling restoration combined with fluoride application in the treatment of children with dental caries and its inffuence on periodontal indicators. Methods A total of 100 children with dental caries admitted to our hospital from January 2024 to January 2026 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 50 children in each group. The control group received resin fflling restoration, and the observation group received resin fflling restoration combined with ffuoride application. The fflling success rate, complication rate and periodontal indicators were compared between the two groups. Results The success rate of fflling in the observation group (96.81%) was higher than that in the control group (91.40%), but the difference was not statistically signiffcant (P>0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (8.51%) was lower than that in the control group (35.48%) (P<0.05). At 3 months after intervention, the PD, PLI and GI in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion For children with dental caries, resin fflling restoration combined with ffuoride application can effectively improve periodontal indicators, increase the fflling success rate, and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of application.