Objective To explore the application effect of oral implant restoration in patients with dentition defect and its inffuence on masticatory function. Methods A total of 100 patients with dentition defect admitted to Yinchuan Stomatological Hospital from March 2023 to March 2026 were selected, and they were divided into group A and group B by the random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. Group A received conventional removable denture restoration, and group B received oral implant restoration. The clinical efffcacy, dentition function recovery, adverse event rate, satisfaction and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in group B (98.00%) was higher than that in group A (86.00%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of aesthetics, masticatory function and ffxation stability in group B were higher than those in group A (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events in group B was lower than that in group A, and the satisfaction was higher than that in group A (P<0.05). The quality of life scores of group B were better than those of group A (P<0.05). Conclusion Oral implant restoration has a deffnite clinical effect in the treatment of dentition defect. It can effectively improve patients’ masticatory function, promote functional recovery of dentition, enhance satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce the incidence of adverse events.