Objective To explore the application effect of resin layering technique in minimally invasive aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 90 patients (119 affected teeth) who received minimally invasive aesthetic restoration in Xianghe County People’s Hospital from March 2024 to March 2025 were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (45 patients, 60 affected teeth) and the observation group (45 patients, 59 affected teeth). The control group was treated with conventional direct resin fflling, and the observation group was treated with resin layering technique. The aesthetic coordination, marginal adaptation of restorations, pulp sensitivity and periodontal health indicators were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of aesthetic coordination in the observation group was 94.92%, which was higher than 78.33% in the control group (P<0.05). The marginal adaptation rate of restorations in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of pulp sensitivity in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at 12 months after treatment (P<0.05). The GI, PLI and PD of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion In minimally invasive aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth, the resin layering technique achieves high aesthetic coordination and favorable marginal adaptation. It causes slight irritation to dental pulp and periodontal tissues, with good biocompatibility, and can fulfill the multi-dimensional restoration goals of minimal invasiveness, superior aesthetics and stable function.