Objective: To explore the effect of mind mapping nursing intervention on the quality of scar healing and complications in patients undergoing upper limb burn debridement surgery. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 72 patients who underwent upper limb burn debridement surgery at the Chinese People"s Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center from June 2023 to August 2025. They were divided into a control group (32 cases receiving routine nursing intervention) and an observation group (40 cases receiving mind map based nursing intervention) according to different nursing methods. Compare the quality of scar healing, anxiety, self-efficacy, quality of life, and incidence of complications between two groups of patients. Result: After intervention, the scar healing time and scar score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The anxiety score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the self-efficacy score was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The quality of life scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after intervention (P<0.05), and the incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nursing interventions based on mind maps for upper limb burn debridement patients can effectively improve scar healing quality, alleviate anxiety, enhance self-efficacy, improve quality of life, and reduce the incidence of complications.