As an important means to improve appearance, cosmetic surgery has witnessed a growing demand worldwide in recent years. However, due to limitations of surgical techniques, individual differences, changes in aesthetic standards and other factors, some patients fail to achieve the expected outcomes after surgery, and even suffer from complications, resulting in cosmetic surgery failure. Such patients usually bear tremendous psychological pressure, manifested as anxiety, depression, body image disturbance and even suicidal tendency, which seriously affect their quality of life and social function. Therefore, timely and effectively psychological intervention for patients with failed cosmetic surgery has become an important issue that cannot be ignored in the ffeld of medical cosmetology. This paper systematically reviews the psychological characteristics of patients with failed cosmetic surgery and proposes targeted psychological intervention strategies, so as to provide theoretical references for clinical psychological intervention practice.