Objective To explore the application effect of nursing intervention based on health behavior process in patients with immediate implantation of traumatic tooth loss, and to analyze its inffuence on periodontal health indicators. Methods A total of 50 patients with immediate implantation of traumatic tooth loss admitted to our hospital from August 2024 to July 2025 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 25 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing intervention, and the observation group received nursing intervention based on health behavior process. The periodontal health indicators, masticatory function, aesthetic effect and complications were compared between the two groups. Results After intervention, the SPD, PLI, GI and SBI in the two groups were lower than those before intervention, and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the masticatory efffciency and occlusal force of the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of soft tissue contour, gingival margin level, mesial gingival papilla and distal gingival papilla in the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (4.00%) was lower than that in the control group (24.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Forpatients with immediate implantation of traumatic tooth loss, nursing intervention based on health behavior process can effectively prevent complications, maintain periodontal health, enhance masticatory function and improve aesthetic effect.