Objective To analyze the effect of oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery on breast aesthetic rate in patients with early breast cancer. Methods A total of 80 patients with early breast cancer admitted to Hejian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected, and they were divided into group A (n=40) and group B (n=40) according to different surgical plans. Group A received conventional extended resection breast-conserving surgery, and group B received oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery. The perioperative indicators, breast aesthetic rate, recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate and subjective evaluation of patients were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time of group B was longer than that of group A, and the minimum distance between tumor and incision margin, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume were less than those of group A (P<0.05). The breast aesthetic rate of group B (85.00%) was higher than that of group A (62.50%) (P<0.05). There were no signiffcant differences in recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The scores of quality of life and satisfaction in group B were higher than those in group A (P<0.05). Conclusion Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery is performed in patients with early breast cancer. It can improve breast aesthetic rate on the basis of ensuring efffcacy and safety, and help to improve patient satisfaction and quality of life.