Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) combined with cosmetic debridement and suture on wound recovery indicators in patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma. Methods A total of 200 patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma admitted to Afffliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China from September 2022 to September 2025 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into group A and group B, with 100 patients in each group. Group A received routine cosmetic debridement and suture, and group B received rhEGF combined with cosmetic debridement and suture. The aesthetic repair effect, serum related factor levels, wound recovery indicators and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of aesthetic repair in group B (98.00%) was higher than that in group A (89.00%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of EGF in group B was higher than that in group A, and the levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were lower than those in group A (P<0.05). The wound recovery indicators in group B were all shorter than those in group A (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in group B (2.00%) was lower than that in group A (9.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma, rhEGF combined with cosmetic debridement and suture can more effectively reduce inffammatory reaction, accelerate wound healing, reduce the risk of complications, and achieve better overall aesthetic repair effect.