Objective To analyze the application effect of nursing intervention under the guidance of diversiffed protection theory during heparin sodium injection in patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP). Methods A total of 50 XP patients treated in the Dermatology Outpatient Department of our hospital from January 2024 to March 2025 were selected. 25 patients who received the ffrst injection from January 2024 to September 6, 2024 were included in the control group, and 25 patients who received the ffrst injection from September 7, 2024 to March 2025 were included in the observation group. The control group received conventional nursing in dermatology outpatient department, and the observation group received nursing intervention under the guidance of diversiffed protection theory. The psychological status, treatment compliance and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The score of SAS in the observation group after intervention was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total compliance rate of the observation group (88.00%) was higher than that of the control group (64.00%) (P<0.05). The scores of MCS and PCS in the observation group after intervention were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Nursing intervention under the guidance of diversiffed protection theory is conducive to improving the treatment compliance of XP patients treated with heparin sodium injection, and improving their psychological status and quality of life.