Objective Comparison of difference applications on conventional complete denture and removable partial denture in edentulous elder patients,and assessment for changes in denture retention, mastication ability, occlusal force and patient"s esthetic satisfaction,is underway.Methods From January 2024 to December 2025, our hospital randomly divided 92 elderly patients with missing teeth into two groups, each comprising 46 cases. The control group was given traditional complete denture restoration,while in observation group removable partial denture restoration was present.The relevant indicators were determined at two time points: before (initial) and after 3 monthswearing.The stability score, masticatory ability,and the visual rating of aesthetics was also compared.Results No statistically significant distinction was observed between the two groups in terms of denture stability and chewing-related indicators(P > 0.05)when they first wore their dentures;however, at 3 months, the observation group had higher denture stability force and stability score, chewing efficiency,and with greater mandibular length, crown-to-root ratio, canine projection, molar inclination, occlusal plane angle, upper lip convexity, lower lip convexity, lower face height, interlabial gap size, lower incisor show through, overjet and bite force than controls and an overall higher aesthetic satisfaction rate.The control group"s performance was inferior to that of the comparison, all of which were statistically significant(P < 0.05).Conclusion The basic mechanism of both dentures at first were similar. Following long term use, RPDs require clasps and retainers in order to establish a mechanical retentive structure,which does not loosen nor displace easily , exhibits better mastication and grinding capacity, possesses smaller base plate surface and presents a more natural face appearance .This is capable to restore elderly patients, who have lost some of their teeth but still possess the remaining natural ones over an extended duration.