Objective: Explore the comprehensive effects of nano-composite resin on aesthetic restoration, periodontal microenvironment, and complications in the maxillary anterior dental region. Methods: From January 2025 to October 2025, 130 patients with maxillary anterior tooth defects who visited our hospital were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group, with 65 patients in each group. The control group underwent restoration using conventional light-cured composite resin, while the observation group underwent restoration using nano-composite resin. The periodontal health status (gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, and tooth mobility degree), chewing function (bite force, chewing efficiency), and aesthetic score (USPHS) were compared between the two groups before and after restoration. The incidence of postoperative complications was recorded during a 6-month follow-up. Results: After treatment, both groups showed a decrease in periodontal-related indicators compared to before treatment, with the observation group having lower levels than the control group (P<0.05). Both groups exhibited increased bite force, masticatory efficiency, and USPHS aesthetic scores compared to before treatment, with the observation group showing a greater improvement (P<0.05). The observation group had a lower incidence of complications such as restoration failure, secondary caries, and periodontitis than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of nano-composite resin in aesthetic restoration of the maxillary anterior teeth area can significantly enhance aesthetics and chewing function, improve periodontal health, reduce postoperative discomfort and complications, and has higher clinical application value.