Objective To investigate the effect of periodontal regenerative therapy on periodontal health status in patients with interdental papilla defect. Methods A total of 100 patients with interdental papilla defect admitted to Jiangsu Province Offfcial Hospital from October 2023 to October 2025 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group received traditional resin fflling therapy, and the experimental group received periodontal regenerative therapy. The treatment effect, periodontal health status, adverse reaction rate and aesthetic satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the interdental papilla height in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the periodontal probing depth was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (2.00%) was lower than that in the control group (14.00%) (P<0.05). The VAS score in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion For interdental papilla defect, periodontal regenerative therapy can not only improve treatment effect and periodontal health status, but also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and thereby enhance patients' aesthetic satisfaction.