Objective To compare the effects of ceramic veneer and all-ceramic crown on restoration color matching and marginal adaptation in patients undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 60 patients who underwent aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth in the Department of Prosthodontics, Loudi Yaya Dental Hospital Co., Ltd. from February 2021 to February 2023 were selected. According to different restoration methods, they were divided into group A and group B, with 30 patients in each group. Group A received all-ceramic crown restoration, and group B received ceramic veneer restoration. The restoration color matching, marginal adaptation, tooth aesthetics and tooth tissue removal thickness were compared between the two groups. Results The total color matching rate of restorations in group B (96.67%) was higher than that in group A (76.67%) (P<0.05). The marginal adaptation of restorations in group B was higher than that in group A at 6 months, 1 and 2 years after restoration (P<0.05). The scores of alveolar contour, texture, labial gingival margin level, soft tissue morphology and color in group B were higher than those in group A (P<0.05). The tooth tissue removal thickness in group B was (0.81±0.15)mm, which was better than (2.02±0.24)mm in group A (P<0.05). Conclusion Ceramic veneer restoration is superior to all-ceramic crown restoration in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth, which can more effectively improve restoration color matching and marginal adaptation, reduce tooth tissue removal thickness, and help to improve tooth aesthetics.