Objective To explore the effect of minimally invasive aesthetic resin restoration on aesthetic effect and gingival health in patients with anterior tooth defect. Methods A total of 94 patients with anterior tooth defect admitted to the Oral Medicine Center of Women and Children's Medical Center Afffliated to Guangzhou Medical University from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 47 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional resin restoration method, and the observation group was treated with minimally invasive aesthetic resin restoration. The restoration effect, aesthetic effect, marginal adaptation of restoration, gingival health and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The restoration effect score of the observation group after restoration was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The aesthetic effect score of the observation group after restoration was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The marginal adaptation score of restoration in the observation group after restoration was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The gingival index score of the observation group after restoration was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate of the observation group (82.98%) was higher than that of the control group (57.45%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of minimally invasive aesthetic resin restoration technology in the treatment of anterior tooth defect can not only maximize the preservation of healthy tooth structure, but also improve the marginal adaptation and aesthetics of restoration, thereby enhancing the clinical restoration effect and patient satisfaction.