Objective To analyze the effect of ffowable resin fflling restoration on the tooth sensitivity rate and aesthetic effect in patients with wedge-shaped tooth defect. Methods A total of 110 patients with wedge-shaped tooth defect admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected, and they were divided into the reference group (55 patients) and the study group (55 patients) by the random number table method. The reference group was treated with composite resin fflling restoration, and the study group was treated with ffowable resin fflling restoration. The tooth sensitivity rate, periodontal indicators, aesthetic effect, quality of life and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The tooth sensitivity rate of the study group (9.09%) was lower than that of the reference group (23.64%) (P<0.05). The scores of gingival index, bleeding index and plaque index in the study group at 1 month after treatment were lower than those in the reference group (P<0.05). The scores of PES and WES in the study group at 1 month after treatment were higher than those in the reference group (P<0.05). The scores of psychological dimension, physiological dimension, social relationship dimension and environmental dimension in the study group at 1 month after treatment were higher than those in the reference group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was 3.64%, which was lower than 16.36% in the reference group (P<0.05). Conclusion Flowable resin fflling restoration for wedge-shaped tooth defect can effectively improve patients' periodontal health, and enhance tooth aesthetics and quality of life, with lower incidence of complications and tooth sensitivity. It is worthy of clinical application.