Objective To explore the effect of light-curing composite resin restoration on aesthetic restoration quality and periodontal health indexes in patients with minimally invasive oral aesthetic restoration. Methods A total of 60 patients with minimally invasive oral aesthetic restoration admitted to Department of Stomatology, Cangxian Hospital of Hebei Province from May 2023 to April 2025 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group according to different restoration materials, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received metal-ceramic restoration, and the observation group received light-curing composite resin restoration. The clinical efffcacy, aesthetic restoration quality, periodontal health indexes and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group (96.67%) was higher than that of the control group (80.00%) (P<0.05). The grade A rates of intact restoration, marginal adaptation and no discoloration in the observation group at 6 months after operation were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The periodontal health indexes in the observation group at 6 months after operation were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (6.67%) was lower than that in the control group (26.67%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive aesthetic restoration with light-curing composite resin can effectively retain healthy dental tissue, improve dental aesthetic effect, help to improve periodontal health status, and has a low incidence of adverse reactions with good overall safety.