Objective To explore the application of modiffed crown lengthening surgery in the restoration of maxillary anterior tooth defect and its inffuence on dental aesthetics. Methods A total of 100 patients with maxillary anterior tooth defect admitted to Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from September 2023 to April 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. The control group underwent conventional crown lengthening surgery, and the observation group underwent modiffed crown lengthening surgery. The restoration effect, dental aesthetics, periodontal indicators and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group (96.00%) was higher than that of the control group (78.00%) (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of tooth aesthetics in the observation group (98.00%) was higher than that of the control group (82.00%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the PD, PLI, SBI and GI in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the satisfaction scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of modiffed crown lengthening surgery in the restoration of maxillary anterior tooth defect has a deffnite effect. It can improve the restoration effect and dental aesthetics, optimize periodontal health, and is conducive to enhancing patient satisfaction.