Objective To explore the effect of microabrasion combined with resin infiltration on the whitening effect and tooth sensitivity in children with anterior dental ffuorosis. Methods A total of 44 children with anterior dental ffuorosis who visited the Department of Stomatology, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital from January 2023 to October 2025 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (56 affected teeth) and the observation group (58 affected teeth), with 22 children in each group. The control group was treated with microabrasion, and the observation group was treated with microabrasion combined with resin inffltration. The whitening effect, tooth sensitivity, tooth surface lesion improvement and tooth colorimetric grade were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The tooth sensitivity of the observation group at 1 month after operation was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The improvement of tooth surface lesions in the observation group at 1 month after operation was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The tooth colorimetric grade of the observation group at 1 month after operation was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of microabrasion combined with resin infiltration in the treatment of children with anterior dental fluorosis has a good whitening effect. It can effectively remove tooth surface pigmentation, repair tooth lesions, and the tooth sensitivity during treatment is overall controllable.