Objective To explore the effect of fragment reattachment combined with resin aesthetic restoration on the aesthetic effect in children with traumatic crown fracture of young permanent anterior teeth. Methods A total of 82 children (106 affected teeth) with traumatic crown fracture of young permanent anterior teeth diagnosed and treated in Kuqa People's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the aesthetic group, with 41 children (53 affected teeth) in each group. The control group was treated with simple fragment reattachment, and the aesthetic group was treated with resin aesthetic restoration on the basis of the control group. The restoration retention rate, aesthetic effect and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistically signiffcant differences in the restoration retention rate between the two groups at 6 and 12 months after operation (P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, the aesthetic effects including color matching, perfect shape and marginal adaptation of the aesthetic group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the aesthetic group (3.77%) was lower than that in the control group (18.87%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of fragment reattachment combined with resin aesthetic restoration in traumatic crown fracture of young permanent anterior teeth can ensure the retention rate of the restoration while effectively reducing the risk of postoperative complications and improving the aesthetic effect of the affected teeth.