Objective To explore the application of oral implant restoration in the treatment of dentition defect and its inffuence on patients' aesthetic effect. Methods A total of 70 patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from August 2023 to April 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the study group by the random number table method, with 35 patients in each group. The control group received removable denture restoration, and the study group received oral implant restoration. The occlusal function, oral symptoms and aesthetic effect were compared between the two groups. Results The occlusal function score of the affected side in the study group after treatment was (25.34±1.59)points, which was higher than (20.28±1.85)points in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically signiffcant difference in the occlusal function score of the contralateral side between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). The scores of tooth loosening, gingival pain and gingival swelling in the study group after treatment were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The PES score of the study group after treatment was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Oral implant restoration has deffnite value in the treatment of dentition defect. It can improve patients' occlusal function, relieve oral symptoms and enhance aesthetic effect, which is a treatment scheme for dentition defect that takes into account function, health and aesthetics.