Objective To analyze the impact of all-ceramic veneer restoration on periodontal health and aesthetic outcomes in patients with anterior diastema. Methods A total of 70 patients with anterior diastema admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to June 2025 were included and randomly divided into a control group (35 cases) and an experimental group (35 cases) using a random number table. The control group was treated with composite resin restoration, while the experimental group was treated with all-ceramic veneer restoration. The occlusal function, periodontal indicators, aesthetic scores, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Three months after treatment, the experimental group had a larger maximum occlusal contact area and maximum occlusal force, and a lower occlusal force asymmetry index than the control group (P < 0.05). The periodontal index scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The aesthetic scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The complication rate of the experimental group was 2.86% (1/35), which was lower than that of the control group at 20.00% (7/35) (t = 5.081, P < 0.05). Conclusion All-ceramic veneer restoration is beneficial to periodontal health, effectively improves occlusal function, enhances tooth aesthetics, and has a lower complication rate.