With the continuous advancement of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the number of medical students coming to China to study has been increasing year by year. How to improve the quality of the "Dentistry" course in a multicultural environment has become a research hotspot in the international medical education community. This paper takes the clinical medicine international students from Guangxi Medical University as the research subjects, systematically exploring the practice of applying Case-based Learning (CBL) in the "Dentistry" course. During the teaching practice, five core issues were systematically identified, namely, poor adaptability of the case library, language barriers for international students, lack of a teaching evaluation system, differentiation in students' autonomous learning abilities, and insufficient integration of cross-cultural teaching. Five systematic solutions are proposed to address these issues, namely, establishing a diversified and adaptable case library, establishing a tiered language support system, establishing an evaluation system that emphasizes both process and outcome, strengthening the cultivation of autonomous learning abilities, and deepening the integration of cross-cultural teaching. Modern educational technologies such as Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) training mechanisms, Virtual Reality (VR/AR) immersive teaching, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted learning are employed to enhance collaborative optimization, aiming to provide operational basis and theoretical reference for creating a "Dentistry" teaching model that meets the needs of international medical education under the "Belt and Road" initiative.