Objective To explore the effect of guided bone regeneration on aesthetic indexes in patients undergoing oral implant restoration. Methods A total of 80 patients who received oral implant restoration at Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the experimental group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received simple dental implant restoration, and the experimental group received guided bone regeneration on the basis of the control group. The aesthetic indexes, oral implant restoration effect, osteogenesis thickness, bone graft thickness, periodontal indexes and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of PES and WES in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The success rate of oral implant restoration in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The osteogenesis thickness and bone graft thickness of the two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment, and those of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The SBI and PD of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and those of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group (5.00%) was lower than that in the control group (20.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of guided bone regeneration in oral implant restoration can improve aesthetic indexes and the effect of oral implant restoration, promote bone growth, optimize patients' periodontal indexes, and has a low incidence of complications, which has deffnite application value.