Objective To explore the effect of oral implant restoration on masticatory function and periodontal health indicators in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 96 patients with dentition defect admitted to Suzhou Myour Dental Clinic from January 2024 to January 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 48 patients in each group. The control group received ffxed denture restoration, and the observation group received oral implant restoration. The restoration success rate, masticatory function, periodontal health indicators and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The restoration success rate of the observation group (95.83%) was higher than that of the control group (83.33%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the occlusal force and masticatory efffciency of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the periodontal pocket depth, attachment loss and gingival bleeding index of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The OHIP-14 score of the observation group after treatment was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Oral implant restoration can more effectively improve the masticatory function of patients with dentition defect, optimize their periodontal health indicators, enhance oral health-related quality of life, and has a higher restoration success rate, which is worthy of clinical application.