Chronic inffammation and microbial dysbiosis play a pivotal role in the occurrence and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and are closely associated with the formation of abnormal facial scar after surgery. Oral microorganism not only participates in the progression of OSCC, but also its dysbiosis may affect the wound healing mechanism through persistent infection and inffammatory response, leading to abnormal tissue repair and thus promoting pathological scar hyperplasia in the facial region. This paper reviews the research progress on the pathogenic role of microbiota in maxillofacial OSCC and its inffuence on postoperative scar, exploring the speciffc mechanisms of oral microorganism in the occurrence, development and postoperative healing of OSCC, with the aim of providing reference value for further clinical understanding of the pathological process of the disease and improving the prognosis of facial scar.