Objective To explore the effect of ultra-thin porcelain veneer restoration on aesthetic effect and dental tissue preservation in patients undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 60 patients undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received conventional porcelain veneer restoration, and the observation group received ultra-thin porcelain veneer restoration. The aesthetic effect, dental tissue preservation, satisfaction and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results After surgery, the ΔE value of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, while the transparency and morphology scores were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The tooth preparation amount of the observation group was less than that of the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate of the observation group (93.33%) was higher than that of the control group (76.67%) (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that in the control group (46.67%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultra-thin porcelain veneer shows distinct advantages in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. On the premise of maximizing dental tissue preservation, it can effectively improve the color and morphology of restored teeth, enhance the overall aesthetic performance, and achieve high patient satisfaction, with a low incidence of postoperative complications.