Objective: To study the application value of modified breast conserving surgery combined with breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer. Methods: 80 patients with breast cancer (2024.1-2024.12) were randomly divided into two groups, namely, the reference group (only modified breast conserving surgery) and the analysis group (combined with breast reconstruction on the basis of the reference group), with 40 cases in each group. The surgical indicators, quality of life, pain score and aesthetic effect of the breast room were compared between the two groups. Results: there was no difference in intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph nodes removed and length of hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05); The operation time of the analysis group was longer than that of the control group (P<0.05). Before operation, there was no difference in FACT-B score between the two groups (P>0.05); At 6 months after operation, the FACT-B score of the analysis group was higher than that of the reference group (P<0.05). Before operation, there was no difference in VAS score between the two groups (P>0.05); At 6 months after operation, the VAS score of the analysis group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The total excellent and good rate of aesthetics in the analysis group was higher than that in the reference group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although the modified breast conserving surgery combined with breast reconstruction can increase the pain of patients with breast cancer, it can improve the aesthetic shape of breast and improve the quality of life of patients, which has targeted application value.