联合减张预防张力性切口增生性瘢痕的临床研究进展
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1.浙江中医药大学;2.嘉兴市中医医院

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Clinical Advances in Combined Tension-Reduction for Prevention of Hypertrophic Scars in High-Tension Incisions
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    摘要:

    伤口愈合包含炎症、增殖与重塑等动态阶段,各阶段张力的来源与强度并不相同。切口若在愈合过程中长期处于异常牵拉状态,可导致炎症期延长、胶原沉积失衡,促使瘢痕增宽隆起甚至挛缩,进而影响局部功能和外观。由于创缘受力呈现时间依赖性和多因素叠加的特点,单一减张方法往往难以在时间和力学层面实现全程覆盖,以联合减张为核心的综合干预理念因而愈发受到重视。本文从机制出发,概述了切口设计、术中精细缝合与缝线选择、术后外固定及 A 型肉毒毒素辅助减轻肌肉牵拉等多种减张措施,重点结合躯干部和面部等典型高张力部位的受力特点,总结了围绕切口部位及个体危险因素选择和调整减张强度的联合应用策略,强调围绕创缘张力在术前、术中及术后实施全程管理,为张力性切口相关病理性瘢痕的预防与综合处理提供较为系统且可操作的临床参考。

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    Persistent abnormal traction on an incision can prolong inflammation and disturb collagen deposition, leading to scar widening, elevation or contracture and impairing function and appearance. Because wound-edge loading is time-dependent and multifactorial, single tension-reducing measures are insufficient, and a comprehensive concept centered on combined tension reduction has emerged. This article summarizes strategies such as preoperative incision design along relaxed skin tension lines, meticulous intraoperative multilayer suturing and suture selection, postoperative external fixation with tapes or devices, and adjunctive botulinum toxin type A to lessen muscle-related traction, with particular attention to high-tension regions such as the trunk and face. We describe how the intensity of tension reduction can be tailored to incision location and individual risk factors, and emphasize ongoing management of wound-edge tension around the perioperative period, providing a practical reference for preventing and managing pathological scars associated with high-tension incisions.

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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-30
  • 最后修改日期:2026-03-10
  • 录用日期:2026-03-10
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