As an important means of oral aesthetic restoration, the application technology of tooth whitening agents has achieved remarkable progress in recent years. This paper systematically reviews the classification, mechanism of action, clinical application schemes, safety evaluation and research and development trends of new preparations of tooth whitening agents. It focuses on the analysis of concentration optimization, administration mode innovation and combined therapy strategies of core agents such as hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, discusses the effects of factors such as pH value and fluoride content on drug efficacy and dental tissue safety, and summarizes the application prospects of new delivery systems such as polymer carriers, so as to provide reference for the formulation of personalized whitening schemes in clinical practice.