Objective To analyze the effect of micro-implant anchorage on soft tissue facial profile improvement in patients with maxillary anterior protrusion. Methods A total of 60 patients with maxillary anterior protrusion admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Xiji County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to June 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional extraoral arch anchorage, and the observation group was treated with micro-implant anchorage. The oral health status, orthodontic-related indicators, soft tissue facial profile improvement, dental arch morphology indicators and overbite and overjet of anterior teeth were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the OHIP-14 score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the U1-NA distance and the U1-SN angle of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the UL-EP distance, LL-EP distance and the Z-angle of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the crowding degree, intercanine width and intermolar width of the first molars in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The overbite and overjet of the observation group after treatment were smaller than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion In the extraction orthodontic treatment for maxillary anterior protrusion, the application of micro-implant anchorage can retract the anterior teeth more effectively, improve patients' soft tissue facial profile, and show better orthodontic effects in multiple dimensions such as oral health-related quality of life, dental arch morphology and overbite and overjet of anterior teeth.