Objective To explore the effect of light-curing composite resin on masticatory function and aesthetic effect in patients undergoing oral aesthetic restoration. Methods A total of 82 patients who received oral aesthetic restoration in Liyang Hospital of Chinese Medicine from February 2022 to June 2025 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the reference group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 41 patients in each group. The reference group was treated with porcelain-fused-to-metal crown restoration, and the observation group was treated with light-curing composite resin restoration. The restoration effect, periodontal health indicators, masticatory function and aesthetic effect were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of restoration in the observation group (95.12%) was higher than that in the reference group (80.49%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the Gingival Index, Plaque Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index and tooth mobility in the observation group were lower than those in the reference group (P<0.05). After treatment, the indicators of masticatory function in the observation group were all better than those in the reference group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of PES and WES in the observation group were higher than those in the reference group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of light-curing composite resin in oral aesthetic restoration has obvious advantages. This method can not only effectively improve patients' periodontal health indicators and masticatory function, but also achieve a more ideal aesthetic restoration effect.