Objective To explore the effect of case-based learning combined with problem-based learning in the teaching of cosmetic laser dermatology. Methods A total of 60 students enrolled in a course on cosmetic laser dermatology in the Department of Dermatology of the Second Afffliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the experimental group by the random number table method, with 30 students in each group. The control group adopted the conventional teaching method, and the experimental group adopted case-based learning combined with problem-based learning. The theoretical exam score, operational skill assessment score and classroom learning participation score were compared between the two groups. Results The theoretical exam score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically signiffcant (P<0.05). The operational skill assessment score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically signiffcant (P<0.05). The classroom learning participation scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically signiffcant (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of case-based learning combined with problem-based learning in cosmetic laser dermatology teaching has a definite effect. It can effectively improve students' classroom participation, help to enhance their theoretical mastery and operational skill level, and the overall teaching effect is better than that of the conventional teaching method.