Dental malformation not only impairs patients' masticatory function, but also have a significant impact on their mental health and social adaptation. The prefrontal cortex of children aged 12-16 is in a critical period of neural development, and their psychological state during this stage has strong plasticity. Timely psychological counseling can help them reshape their cognition of treatment pain and reduce negative feelings caused by pain. Furthermore, cognitive behavioral therapy can effectively reduce the treatment interruption rate caused by psychological factors and ensure the continuity and effectiveness of orthodontics treatment. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes the prevalence of dental malformation in China, explores the psychological impact of dental malformation on children, summarizes and analyzes the research methods of mental health in children with dental malformation, and understands the psychological characteristics of children with dental malformation before and during treatment, so as to provide certain reference for clinical intervention on the psychology of children with dental malformation.