Facial aging is a complex multi-level and synergistic degenerative process involving structures such as bones, ligaments, fat and skin. Autologous fat tissue is widely used in the field of facial anti-aging due to its excellent biocompatibility, regenerative potential and structural support characteristics. With the development of componentized fat grafting technology, fat can be accurately applied to different parts according to anatomical layers and functional needs, improving transplantation stability and overall shaping effect. Combined with the structural basis and mechanism of facial multi-level aging, as well as the source and histological characteristics of autologous fat tissue, this paper summarizes the application progress of componentized fat grafting technology, explores the strategy of synergistic reconstruction of fat grafting with deep structures, and evaluates the application effect and safety of componentized autologous fat grafting, so as to provide certain reference for clinical practice.