Objective To compare the effects of resin aesthetic restoration and fragment reattachment restoration in the treatment of traumatic dental injuries in young permanent teeth. Methods A total of 80 patients with traumatic dental injuries in young permanent teeth admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with resin aesthetic restoration, and the observation group was treated with fragment reattachment restoration. The restoration success rate, gingival indicators, occlusal force, affected tooth function and affected tooth aesthetic effect were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the restoration success rate between the two groups at 1, 3 and 6 months after restoration (P >0.05). The BOP, PD and occlusal force of the observation group after restoration were better than those of the control group (P <0.05). The scores of tooth function in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of adaptation, occlusion, color and shape in the observation group after restoration were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Both fragment reattachment restoration and resin aesthetic restoration can achieve good restoration effects in the treatment of traumatic dental injuries in young permanent teeth, but fragment reattachment restoration results in better gingival indicators, occlusal force and affected tooth function, as well as superior aesthetic effect of affected tooth, which is worthy of clinical application.